Thermal Comfort Analysis in Urban Area of Penajam Paser Utara Regency: Climate Sensitive Urban Design Approach
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The limited availability of vegetation and shading elements contributes to uncomfortable thermal conditions in the urban area of Penajam Paser Utara Regency, particularly during midday. This study aims to analyse microclimatic conditions and outdoor thermal comfort as a basis for developing Climate Sensitive Urban Design (CSUD) recommendations. The study employed a quantitative-descriptive approach supported by spatial analysis and simulation. Measurements were conducted at three observation stations with different physical characteristics at 09:00, 13:00, and 17:00 WITA. The measured parameters included air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. Thermal comfort was assessed using the Temperature Humidity Index (THI), while solar movement and shading distribution were simulated using Ecotect Analysis based on a three-dimensional model developed in SketchUp. The results showed that the highest air temperature reached 35.6°C at Station 3 at 13:00 WITA, while shading intensity was only approximately 2% at midday and increased to 55% in the afternoon. The THI values indicated uncomfortable thermal conditions, with the highest average value of 31.47°C at Station 1. By integrating microclimatic conditions, THI, wind speed, and shading patterns, this study developed site-specific CSUD recommendations, including shade vegetation, pedestrian protection, vertical greenery, building solar protection, and optimization of natural ventilation.
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